
Gas disharge plasma displays are the most well known type of alphanumeric displays.Their operation is based on the emission of light in a cold cathode gas filled tube under breaking down condition.These cold cathode numerical indicators are called Nixies.(Numicators and Numbertrons). The Nixie tube is a numeric indicators based on glow disharge in cold cathode…

For displaying large quantities of alphanumeric data,the readout system employed most commonly  is a familiar CRT.CRTs form the basis of CROs and TV systems.To generate characters on the CRT,the generation system of characters on CRTs requires relatively simple electronic circuitry. A typical CRT display has easy facilities for the control of digit size by controlling the deflections sensitivity of the system.The number of characters displayed can…

Optical fibres can be used for measurement of temperature.This is because the temperature induces changes in refractive index of the fibre.In fibre the refractive index is a function of  both composition and temperature and it changes at different rates in response to a temperature changes.A higher temperature change cause the critical angle of the fibre to change…

A firewall is a system that enforces an access control policey between two networks-such as your private LAN & the unsafe,public internet.The firewall determines which inside service can be accessed from the outside & vice-versa.The actual means by which this is accomplished varies widely,but in principal,the firewall can be thought of as a pair of mechanism:one to block traffic &…

In the year 1974 B.C.C.L introduced a payroll system which used the computer concept.Subsequently the computerization was introduced for ledger,relative reports etc.In the year 1982 first computer was installed at Kalyan Bhawan from Calcutta for data processing.Till now the Headquarters of B.C.C.L has been centralized through networking.Each area of B.C.C.L  has its own EDP department of data processing. COALNET…

Bharat Coking Coal Limited is a subsidiary of Coal India Limited,Government of India Enterprise,mainly situated in the state of Jharkhand & partly in West Bengal.It is the largest coal company operating in the Jharia coalfields & is the prime source of coking coal in the country. The management of the coking coal mines in Jharia…

In practice two types of impulse voltages can occur (i) full wave and (ii) chopped impulse wave.If the lightning surge travels along the transmission line,it results in full wave impulse voltage reaching to transformer.Whereas if the surge voltage causes a flash over just before reaching to transformer it results in chopped impulse wave. The full…

The zero-power factor characteristic (ZPFC) of an alternator is a curve of the armature terminal voltage per phase plotted against the field current obtained by the operating the machine with constant rated armature current at synchronous speed and zero lagging power factor.The ZPFC is some times called potier characteristic after its originator. For maintaining very…

In an a.c. machine,any flux set up by the load current which does not contribute to the useful flux of the machine is a leakage flux.The effect of the leakage flux is set up a self-induced emf in the armature windings. The leakage fluxes may be classified as follows: 1.Slot leakage 2.Tooth head leakage 3.Coil-end…

The greater threat to computer is a computer virus,a program that causes a computer system to behave in unexpected and undesirable ways.Some signs of a virus include inexplicable loss of free memory,unusually long times for program loading or execution,changes in file or program size,print routines that stop working ,computers”freezing up”‘strange beeps or messages,computer reboot in the middle…