
Optical fibres can be used for measurement of temperature.This is because the temperature induces changes in refractive index of the fibre.In fibre the refractive index is a function of  both composition and temperature and it changes at different rates in response to a temperature changes.A higher temperature change cause the critical angle of the fibre to change…

A firewall is a system that enforces an access control policey between two networks-such as your private LAN & the unsafe,public internet.The firewall determines which inside service can be accessed from the outside & vice-versa.The actual means by which this is accomplished varies widely,but in principal,the firewall can be thought of as a pair of mechanism:one to block traffic &…

In the year 1974 B.C.C.L introduced a payroll system which used the computer concept.Subsequently the computerization was introduced for ledger,relative reports etc.In the year 1982 first computer was installed at Kalyan Bhawan from Calcutta for data processing.Till now the Headquarters of B.C.C.L has been centralized through networking.Each area of B.C.C.L  has its own EDP department of data processing. COALNET…

Bharat Coking Coal Limited is a subsidiary of Coal India Limited,Government of India Enterprise,mainly situated in the state of Jharkhand & partly in West Bengal.It is the largest coal company operating in the Jharia coalfields & is the prime source of coking coal in the country. The management of the coking coal mines in Jharia…

The bulging coal imports,which may cross 150 million tons(mt) in 2012-2013,warrant increased competition in exploration and production of the dry fuel in India and the government is trying to gain consensus on allowing commercial mining of coal in the country,coal minister sriprakash Jaiswal has said. “Ideally,the coal sector should have been opened for commercial mining…

Chimpanzees pass down a ‘secret handshake’ through the generations,according to new study.Researchers found that troops of chimps pass on traditions,including the handshake,from one generation to the next and they differ from group to group.When chimps are cleaning,they adopt a ‘grooming handclasp’ two chimps clasp onto each other’s arms,raise them in the air and groom each…

In practice two types of impulse voltages can occur (i) full wave and (ii) chopped impulse wave.If the lightning surge travels along the transmission line,it results in full wave impulse voltage reaching to transformer.Whereas if the surge voltage causes a flash over just before reaching to transformer it results in chopped impulse wave. The full…

The zero-power factor characteristic (ZPFC) of an alternator is a curve of the armature terminal voltage per phase plotted against the field current obtained by the operating the machine with constant rated armature current at synchronous speed and zero lagging power factor.The ZPFC is some times called potier characteristic after its originator. For maintaining very…

In an a.c. machine,any flux set up by the load current which does not contribute to the useful flux of the machine is a leakage flux.The effect of the leakage flux is set up a self-induced emf in the armature windings. The leakage fluxes may be classified as follows: 1.Slot leakage 2.Tooth head leakage 3.Coil-end…

India is poised to become a multi-billion dollar manufacturing hub for photo voltaic value chain but the main challenge before the industries would be to reduce costs associated with PV manufacturing and installations,a top solar industry official said here. “Currently,India is manufacturing solar modules/cells and they are primarily being marketed to US Europe.But this equation is likely…